Muon Detector Development for the CMS Phase-2 Upgrade and Muon Radiography Applications

This work contributed to the advancement of muon detector technology for the CERN Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment and explored broader applica- tions of muon detectors in interdisciplinary research. The CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is undergoing crucial upgrades in preparation for the upcoming high-luminosity phase of the accelerator. The research presented in this thesis includes the design and construction of new Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) to enhance the CMS muon system. To address the concerns related to the high global warming potential of the gas mixtures that are currently used in RPCs, alternative, eco-friendly mixtures were explored. Additionally, investigations were undertaken to study muon detectors for interdisciplinary applications, particularly for muon ra- diography—a technique utilising cosmic-ray muons to study the internal structures of large-scale objects. As part of a project to develop a light-weight, portable muon radiography telescope, small-size glass-RPCs were designed. Further insights into this imaging technique were gained through participation in the MURAVES project, where scintillator-based muon telescopes are used to study the internal structure of the active Mt. Vesuvius volcano near Naples, Italy.