Beam-Beam Long-Range Wire Compensation For Enhancing CERN LHC Performance

In high intensity and high energy colliders such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider and its future luminosity upgrade, interactions between the two beams around the different interaction points are one of the machine performance limitations. In fact, their effect reduces the beam lifetime and therefore the collider's luminosity reach. In the early 2000's, it was proposed for the first time to use current bearing wires in order to mitigate the effect of those so-called Beam-Beam Long-Range interactions. In 2015, a semi-analytical demonstration of a resonance compensation mechanism motivated the construction and the installation of four demonstrators for the LHC, that took place in 2017 and 2018. A two years long experimental campaign followed. During this campaign, a proof-of-concept was successfully completed and motivated an additional set of experiments, successfully demonstrating the mitigation of the Beam-Beam Long-Range interactions effects in beam conditions compatible with an operational configuration of the collider. In this Thesis, we report in details the preparation of the experimental campaign together with its results. This experimental work has been supported by tracking simulations, whose results are also presented in this document. Finally, simulations also allowed to prepare the next LHC Run 3, operating with the wire compensators, and to draw conclusions and perspectives for the future.