Superconducting Quadrupoles to increase the Luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider

Particle accelerators are essential tools for our understanding of the smallest constituents of the matter. Experimental results obtained by these machines coupled with theories set up over the years accumulated to what is today known as "the Standard Model" [88]. Developed in the early 1970s, the Standard Model has been so far used by physicists as a mean of understanding laws of sub-nuclear physics. The model will be tested at unprecedented energies in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the largest and strongest particle accelerator ever built.