Exploring the Standard Model and beyond with jets from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS Experiment

This thesis documents work from two analysis performed using $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV data taken with the ATLAS detector. The first portion of this thesis presents a measurement of the jet mass. This is the first measurement of a substructure observable that can be compared to analytical predictions beyond leading logarithmic accuracy. The measurement demonstrates the ability to precisely measure jet substructure observables, and the analytical calculations are shown to be in good agreement with the unfolded data distribution, paving the way towards a broader program of jet substructure measurements at the Large Hadron Collider. The second part of this thesis lays the foundation for a search for R-parity violating supersymmetry in states which involve jets and displaced vertices. This search is sensitive to models that have long-lived particles decaying within the tracking detector. This thesis explores the sensitivity of this search, and provides preliminary background estimation techniques that will be used for this analysis.